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Like the pieces of a giant jigsaw puzzle, slabs of rocky crust known as tectonic plates fit together to form the Earth's outer shell. The puzzle changes as the plates slide over the hotter, softer rocks beneath them. Moving by mere inches annually, they reshape continents and oceans basins over the millions of years by colliding, separating and scraping past one another with relentless force. These interactions set off earthquakes, fire up volcanoes, and wrinkle the Earth's crust into mountains, valleys, and deep-sea trenches.
Most earthquakes occur near plate boundaries, where rock grinds past rock. Friction keeps the plate edges from sliding smoothly. The longer they remain stuck, the more strain builds and the more violent the snap and resulting vibrations – the earthquake.
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Arica, South America, 1868
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San Francisco, California, 1906
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Pakistan -2005 earthquake registered a magnitude of 7.6 in the Kashmir area with casualties of 75,000 and injuries of 106,000. Kashmir lies in the area of collision of the Eurasian and Indian tectonic plates.
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Haiti - 2010 earthquake was a magnitude 7.0 with an epicenter west of Port-au-Prince. An estimated 316,000 people died with 250,000 residences and 30,000 commercial buildings collapsed or severely damaged.
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