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BOOKS ABOUT CITIES & URBAN PLANNING
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Cities of the World Educational Posters & Prints
for social studies classrooms, home schoolers, theme decor for office and studio.
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social studies > Cities of the World 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | US Cities | Americas Cities < geography
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A city is defined as “an urban area of high population density with some degree of self-government”, differentiated from towns, villages, and hamlets by size, importance or legal status. The word ‘urban’ originally described the view of life from Rome - smooth, literate and non-barbaric. The opposite of the Latin urbanus is rusticus, or rural.
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French = cité
German = stadt
Italian = città
Spanish = ciudad
Latin = civis
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The word “city” is from the Latin: civis, which is also the root of civilization.
“World Cities” or “Global Cities” are those cities that are/were considered to be significant “node” points in global economic, political, population concentration, transportation, communication, arts, music, cultural, education, and sports activities.
The earliest communities evolved organically, usually along rivers, as people gathered for the advantages of protection and help in tasks associated with the development of agriculture. The new profession of urban planning, the discipline of integrating social and built environments with the natural ecology of place, has roots evident from archeological excavations of the earliest cities, like Harappa, in the Indus Valley.
Greeks used a grid pattern for planning cities, and Romans laid their cities out in a street grid pattern overlaid with two diagonal crossing streets meeting at a forum in the center and surrounding defensive walls. Middle Ages politics saw the growth of cities based on fortifications taking the high ground and the streets circling the castle or abbey like a topographical map. The French word bourgeoisie describes the social class of people whose status and power was from being merchants living within the walls of a city.
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• “There is no solitude in the world like that of the big city.” Kathleen Norris |
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A- B, pg 1/5: Alexandria, Angkor, Athens, Auckland, Baghdad, Beijing, Berlin, Brussels, and Budapest.
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Alexandria, Egypt, was founded by Alexander the Great in 332 BC on the site of a fishing village called Rhakotis, at the mouth of the Nile River. Hippodamus, the first “city planner”, laid out Alexandria in a grid plan, Dinocrates was the chief architect, and Alexander's general Ptolemy, built the city that was famous for its lighthouse (one the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World) and its library. As of 2006, Alexandria's population was over 4 million people. Famous citizens of Alexandria include Saint Athanasius, Cleopatra, Cosmas Indicopleustes, Hypatia, Claudius Ptolemaeus, and Origin.
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Located near the environmentally sensitive Tonlé Sap river and lake system, Angkor, Cambodia flourished from the ninth to the fifteenth century as the seat of the Khmer empire. Recent satellite photographs and other modern scientific techniques reveal that Angkor was the largest preindustrial city in the world with an urban sprawl of 3000 square kilometres capable of supporting a population of 1 million. The Mayan city of Tikal, in Guatamala, was the closest rival to Angkor.
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Baghdad, the capital and largest city in Iraq (6.5 million), is located on the Tigris River. The founding of Baghdad dates back to the 8th century, as the center of the Islamic world.
The ancient site of the Mesopotamian city-state of Babylon is also in Iraq. The Hebrew word for Babylon is Babel; the Hanging Gardens of Babylon were one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.
The ancient city of Nineveh, mentioned in the Old Testament, is across the Tigris River from Mosul, Iraq.
Around 1800 BC Nineveh was a center of worship of Ishtar, whose cult, along with being located on the East-West trade route between the Mediterranean Sea and Indian Ocean, was responsible for the Nineveh's early importance.
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Brussels, Belgium, founded as a fortess by a grandson of Charlemagne in the 10th century, has become one of the political centers of the European Union (with Luxembourg, Strasbourg).
• Europe posters
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previous page | top | Cities of the World 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | US Cities | Americas Cities
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