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BOOKS ABOUT CITIES & URBAN PLANNING
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Maastricht, the Netherlands is a one of the oldest towns in Europe, located at a shallow crossing of the Meuse River.
Both Neolithic and Paleolithic archeological evidence are in the area, the Celts predated the Romans, followed by the Carolingian Empire in the Early Middle Ages.
Most Ancient European Towns Network: Argos, Beziers, Cadiz, Colchester, Cork, Evora, Maastricht, Roskilde, Tongeren, Worms.
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Machu Picchu, “Old Peak”, one of the most recognized image of the Inca Empire, was built as an estate of an Inca emperor, the site chosen for its sacred landscape features in alignment with key astronomical events.
Situated on a mountain ridge above the Urubamba River valley in the Andes Mountains of Peru, Machu Picchu was known to the local population before being brought to international attention in 1911 by historian Hiram Bingham.
It was designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1983.
Machu Picchu is also across a valley from the ruins of Vilcabamba, a city founded by Manco Inca in 1539 as a resistence to the conquistadors. Vilcabamba was destroyed in 1572 by the Spanish.
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Mada'in Saleh, also known as Al-Hijr (Arabic for “rocky place”) and Hegra (Gr. and Latin by Pliny), is a pre-Islamic archaeological site consisting of 131 rock-cut monumental tombs, with elaborately ornamented facades, of the Nabatean kingdom. The city of Petra is well known for its Nabatean structures.
Settlement in the area dates from the 6th century BCE with a close to the surface water table. As an oasis known as Hegra, it became a crossroad on the overland caravan route from the Red Sea holding a monopoy on the trade of incense, myrrh and spices.
Mada'in Saleh was proclaimed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2008.
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The site of Madrid, Spain, along the Manzanares River on the Iberian Peninsula of Europe, has been occupied since prehistoric times.
The motto of Madrid is “Fui sobre agua edificada, mis muros de fuego son. Esta es mi insignia y blasón”. (On water I was built, my walls are made of fire. This is my ensign and escutcheon.)
FYI - the Strawberry tree, known in Spanish as the madroño, is a symbol of Madrid, along with the bear.
Notable people associated with Madrid include: Tirso de Molina, Jacinto Benavente y Martinez,
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Malabo, the capital of Equatorial Guinea, is located on the northern coast of Bioko Island (formerly Fernando Pó), on the rim of a sunken volcano.
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Managua, located on the southern shores of Lake Managua, is the capital city of Nicaragua. The name Managua originates from the term Mana-ahuac, from the indigenous Nahuatl language, translates to “adjacent to the water” or site “surrounded by water”.
Managua is situated on a fault line and has experienced many earthquakes.
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Mandalay, the second-largest city and the last royal capital of Burma (Republic of the Union of Myanmar).
Located at the foot of Mandalay Hill on the banks of the Irrawaddy River, Mandalay has numerous Buddhist monasteries and more than 700 pagodas. The Kuthodow Pagoda consists of 729 white stupas, each containing a slab of stone inscribed with a page of the Buddhist canon.
Mandalay, whose name may be related to the word mandala, is reference in a Rudyard Kipling poem where the phrase “the road to Mandalay” originates, and Daphne du Maurier called the house in her novel Rebecca Mandaley. George Orwell was also stationed in Mandalay.
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Manila, the capital of the Philippines, located on the eastern shore of Manila Bay of the island of Luzon, was called the “Pearl of the Orient”.
The earliest written account of the city is from the 10th-century. Eventually Manila became a center of Spanish activity as one end of the Manila–Acapulco galleon trade route linking Latin America and the Far East. (The silver from Mexico and Peru in exchange or Chinese silk, Indian gems, and the spices of the East Indies.)
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Maputo, the capital and largest city of Mozambique, is located on the Indian Ocean coast of East Africa.
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Marseille is the second largest city in France, after Paris, is also the largest commercial port and largest French city on the Mediterranean coast.
Marseille is considered the oldest city in France and was founded as a trading port by the Greeks who called it Massalia.
During the first century AD Christianity arrived in Marseille and according to provencal tradition Mary Magdalen visted the area with her brother Lazarus.
Marseille was one of the first places in France to encounter the plague epidemic, probably due to it being a major port. In the 1300s some 15,000 people died from a population of 25,000, and in 1720 100,000 people died in another epidemic.
La Marsellaise, the national anthem of France, was the marching song of the citiy's volunteers to Paris in 1792 to defend the revolutionary government.
Famous people from Marseille: Jacques Fabian Gautier D'Agoty, Antonin Artaud, Honoré Daumier, Francoise Duparc, Pytheas of Massalia, Adolphe Joseph Thomas Monticelli, Marius Petipa, Arthur Rimbaud, Edmond Rostand, Maria Taglioni.
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Mashhad, one of the holiest cities in the Shia Muslim world, is the second largest city in Iran, and the only major Iranian city with an Arabic name.
Notable people associated with Mashhad is Ferdowsi, the revered Persian poet and author of Shahnameh, Iran's national epic.
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