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Annie Jump Cannon
b. 12-11-1863; Dover, Delaware
d. 4-13-1941; Cambridge, MA
Astronomer Annie Jump Cannon cataloging work was instrumental in the development of contemporary stellar classification based on their temperatures.
The mnemonic device “Oh, Be A Fine Girl – Kiss Me!” is a mnemonic device for remembering Cannon's “arbitrary” division of stars into the spectral classes O, B, A, F, G, K, M.
Cannon and Margaret W. Mayall discovered the Hourglass Nebula while working on the Henry Draper catalogue.
• Star Maps: History, Artistry, and Cartography
• Annie Jump Cannon in Women of Science composite poster
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Rachel Carson
b. 5-27-1907; Springdale, PA
d. 4-4-1964; Silver Spring, MD
Poster Text: More than any other person, Rachel Carson helped make “ecology” a household word. She spent nearly fifteen years of her life working in obscurity for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. But the publication of her books “The Sea Around Us” and “Silent Spring,” brought her immediate fame.
Rachel was born in 1907 on a small farm in Pennsylvania, as a young girl, she loved to explore the woods and fields near her home. She once wrote: “I can remember no time when I wasn't interested in the out-of-doors and the whole world of nature.” At first, she wanted to be a writer. But a college course in biology inspired her to think about a career in science instead. Eventually, she combined her two loves.
Her first two books, “Under the Sea-Wind” and “The Sea Around Us,” describe the oceans and the life they contain. But it was "Silent Spring," published in 1962, that made her famous. The book warned of the dangers of pesticides, which Ms. Carson discovered were killing fish and birds as well as insects. Some scientists said she exaggerated this danger. But most agreed that “Silent Spring” was both accurate and timely. The book lead directly to new laws regulating the use of pesticides, and it aroused millions to a new concern about humanity's growing impact on the natural environment around us.
• more Great American Women posters
• more ecology posters
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Margaret Cavendish (née Lucas), Duchess of Newcastle
b. 1623; England
d. 12-15-1673
Margaret Cavendish, an attendant of Queen Henrietta Maria, was a poet, philosopher, writer of romances (her romance, The Blazing World, is one of the earliest examples of science fiction), essayist, and playwright who published under her own name at a time when most women writers published anonymously. She addressed topics ranging from “gender, power, manners, scientific method, and animal protection”.
Margaret Cavendish quotes -
• “Marriage is the grave or tomb of wit.”
• “Indeed, I was so afraid to dishonour my friends and family by my indiscreet actions, that I rather chose to be accounted a fool, than to be thought rude or wanton.”
• Paper Bodies: A Margaret Cavendish Reader
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Madame Émilie du Chatelet-Lomont
b. 12-17-1706; Paris, France
d. 9-10-1749; complications of childbirth
Madame Émilie du Chatelet-Lomont was a mathematician, physicist and author. Einstein's famous equation for the energy of matter E=mc2 fits neatly with a principle recognised by Madame de Chatelet 150 years before Einstein in her book Institutions de Physique (“Lessons in Physics”), which she had prepared for her 13 year old son as a “Cliff Notes” study of the newest ideas of the time.
She was also great friends with Voltaire, (with her husband's blessing) and translated Newton's Principia into French.
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Rebecca Cole
artist illustration
no known likeness of Cole survives.
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Rebecca Cole
b. 3-16-1846; Philadelphia, PA
d. 8-14-1922; Philadelphia
Rebecca Cole became the second African American woman physician in the U.S. in 1867 (after Rebecca Crumpler in 1864).
Cole, who practiced medicine for fifty years, graduated from the Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania (see Ann Preston) and interned at Elizabeth Blackwell's New York Infirmary for Indigent Women and Children.
• Black History Posters
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Eileen Collins
b. 11-19-1956; Elmira, NY
Astronaut Eileen Collins was the first female pilot and first female commander of a Space Shuttle (STS-63 & STS-93). Collins has also served as a professor of mathematics and flight instructor at the US Air Force Academy.
Collins has been recognized as one of the top 300 women in history by the Encyclopedia Britannica and inducted into the Women's Hall of Fame.
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Dr. Rebecca Lee
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Rebecca Lee Crumpler
b. 2-8-1831; Delaware
d. 3-9-1895; Fairview, MA
Born a free person of color and raised by an aunt who served as a neighborhood care giver, Rebecca Davis Lee became the first female African-American doctor in the United States. Her A Book of Medical Discourses (1883) was one of the first medical books by an African American.
She worked as a nurse from 1852 to 1860, graduating from the New England Female Medical College in 1864. After serving newly freedpersons in Richmond, VA for several years she returned to Boston with her husband, Dr. Arthur Crumpler. There she “practiced from her home on Beacon Hill and dispensed nutritional advice to poor women and children.”
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Marie Curie,
b. 11-7-1867; Warsaw, Poland
d. 7-4-1934; France
Marie Curie, physicist and chemist, is best known as the discoverer of the radioactive elements polonium and radium. With her husband Pierre, they shared the 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics with Becquerel; she was also awarded the 1911 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. The Curie's daughter Irene was awarded the 1935 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with her husband Frederic Joliot, her daughter Eve's husband H. R. Labouisse was the Director of United Nations' Children's Fund (UNICEF) when it was awarded the 1965 Nobel Prize for Peace.
• more Marie Curie posters
• more Women of Science posters
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