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SCIENCE:
PHYSICS & CHEMISTRY
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Edward Lawrie Tatum
b. 12-14-1909; Boulder, CO
d. 11-5-1975; NYC
Biochemist Edward Tatum shared one half of the 1958 Nobel Prize in Medicine or Physiology with George Wells Beadle “for their discovery that genes act by regulating definite chemical events”.
• Genetics of Microorganisms
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Edward Teller
b. 1-15-1908; Budapest, Hungary
d. 9-9-2003, Stanford, CA
Edward Teller was theoretical physicist working at Los Alamos and called “the father of the hydrogen bomb”. Teller, who had clashed with Oppenheimer over issues relating to fission and fusion research, was the only member of the scientific community to label Oppenheimer a security risk in 1954.
Teller, considered one of the inspirations for the character Dr. Strangelove in the 1964 movie of the same name, was a supporter of the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI), (aka Star Wars), the concept of using ground and satellite-based lasers, particle beams and missiles to destroy incoming Soviet ICBMs.
Teller also blamed his 1979 heart attack on Jane Fonda when she lobbied against nuclear power in regard to her latest movie The China Syndrome (which was released just a week before the Three Mile Island nuclear power plant accident).
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Nikola Tesla
b. 7-10-1856; Smiljan, Croatian Krajina
d. 1-7-1943, NYC
Nikola Tesla was an inventor, physicist, mechanical engineer, and electrical engineer. He is is best known for his revolutionary contributions to the discipline of electricity and magnetism, and to his adversarial relationship with Thomas Edison that began with Edison's failure to pay Tesla for work in the Edison laboratory; and the “War of the Currents” between Edison and his direct current (DC), and George Westinghouse and Tesla's alternating current (AC).
Tesla was both a celebrated popular figure and the public's idea of the “mad scientist” for his eccentrities, reclusiveness, and then transformation into the consumate showman. Among the people who often visited his laboratory was author Mark Twain. And in 1943 the US Supreme Court did uphold Tesla's claim he was the inventor of the radio (demonstrated in 1893).
Tesla was an ethnic Serb born in what is now Croatia, a subject of the Austrian Empire; he became a US citizen in 1891.
• The Nikola Tesla Treasury
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Axel Hugo Teodor Theorell
b. 7-6-1903; Linköping, Sweden
d. 8-15-1982; NYC
Biochemist Axel Theorell received the 1955 Nobel Prize in Medicine or Physiology “for his discoveries concerning the nature and mode of action of oxidation enzymes”.
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Benjamin Thompson, Count Rumford
b. 3-26-1753; Woburn, Massachusetts
d. 8-21-1814; Paris
Physicist and inventor Benjamin Thompson was part of two revolutions - he challenged established physical theory in thermodynamics and was a Loyalist Colonel in the American Revolution. Thompson moved on to London after the war, steadily moving up the scientific and social European ladders. He was knighted by King George III, and eventually made a Count of the Holy Roman Empire. His name was so recognizable that Jane Austen mentions the Rumford fireplace in Northanger Abbey.
Several inventions bear his name - the Rumford fireplace which increased comfort and efficiency heating a home, and Rumsford's Soup, concocted as the cheapest possible ration that was still a high-calorie, nutritious food for the poor and prisoners. A crater on the Moon is also named after him as is a baking powder that was patented in 1859. (He chose the name Rumford from the original name of Concord, New Hampshire, where he had been a schoolmaster.)
Thompson was perhaps also a bit of a scoundrel - he abandoned his colonial wife (a wealthy widow in her own right that he met in NH) and family when he fled to Europe; as a widower he then married Marie-Anne Lavoisier, a marriage that lasted only a year.
• The Forgotten Art of Building a Good Fireplace
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Evangelista Torricelli
b. 10-15-1608; Faenza, Italy
d. 10-25-1647
Torricelli was a mathematician and physicist most noted for inventing the Barometer (1642) and for stating Torricelli's Law concerning the speed of a fluid flowing out of an opening, later shown to be a particular case of Bernoulli's principle.
He succeeded Galileo as the grand-ducal mathematician and professor of mathematics in the University of Pisa.
• weather posters
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Hermes Trismegistus, the “thrice-great Hermes”, was a melding of the Greek god Hermes (Latin: Mecury), the Egyptian god Thoth, and the Hebrew's Enoch (a descendant of Adam and Eve's third son Seth, the father of Methuselah and great-grandfather of Noah). Hermes Trimegistus carries the characteristics of magical powers expressed in the ability to write, communicate over long distances, and alchemy, the manipulation of matter.
During the Middle Ages and Renaissance, the writings and spells attributed to Hermes Trismegistus, known as the Hermetica, were popular. The phrase 'hermetically sealed' is from the description of magical spells that were designed to protect objects.
• Eternal Hermes: From Greek God to Alchemical Magus
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