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SCIENCE:
PHYSICS & CHEMISTRY
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Fritjof Capra
b. 2-1-1939; Vienna, Austria
Physicist, systems theorist, and author of five international bestsellers, Fritjof Capra is a founding director of the Center for Ecoliteracy in Berkeley, California. He is also on the faculty of Schumacher College, named after E.F. Schumacher, which is an international center on sustainable living and holistic education courses.
The 1990 movie Mindwalk , starring Liv Ullman, Sam Waterston, and John Heard, is loosely based on Capra's book, The Turning Point.
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Henry Cavendish
b. 10-10-1731; Nice, France
d. 2-24-1810; London, England
Henry Cavendish, FRS (Fellow of the Royal Society) was a 19th century scientist whose eccentric behaviour hid his important discoveries for years. It was only when James Clerk Maxwell published Cavendish's papers in 1879 that it was revealed that Cavendish had made numersous discoveries before other scientists. For instance Cavendish discovered oxygen before Lavoisier and calculated the mass of the Earth that was only 1% off today's measurement.
• Henry Cavendish & The Discovery of Hydrogen
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Jacques Alexandre Cesar Charles
b. 11-12-1746; Beaugency, France
d. 4-7-1823
Jacques Alexandre Cesar Charles, an inventor, mathematician, professor of physics, and balloonist, discovered Charles’s Law (1787): Under constant pressure, an ideal gas' volume is proportional to its absolute temperature. The volume of a gas at constant pressure increases linearly with the absolute temperature of the gas.
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Madame Émilie du Chatelet-Lomont
b. 12-17-1706; Paris, France
d. 9-10-1749; complications of childbirth
Madame Émilie du Chatelet-Lomont was a mathematician, physicist and author.
Einstein's famous equation for the energy of matter E=mc2 fits neatly with a principle recognized by Madame de Chatelet 150 years before Einstein. She explained the idea in her book Institutions de Physique (“Lessons in Physics”), which she had prepared for her 13 year old son as a “Cliff Notes” study of the newest ideas of the time.
In addition to being a home schooler she was also great friends with Voltaire, (with her husband's blessing) and translated Newton's Principia into French.
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Michel-Eugene Chevreul
b. 8-31-1786; Angers, France
d. 4-9-1889; Paris
Chemist and professor Michel Eugene Chevreul work with fatty acids proved important in the soap, food and arts.
He is credited with discovering margaric acid (margarine), and as director of dye works at the Gobelins Manufactory in Paris determined that the yarn's perceived color was influenced by other surrounding yarns, leading to a concept known as simultaneous contrast.
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