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Perspective & Optical Illusion Posters
instructional, motivational and inspirational images for the classroom, home schoolers, office.
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educational posters > art > perspective & optical illusion posters < art education resources
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| Yin-Yang, the two polar forces continually interplay with each other. |
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OPTICAL ILLUSIONS refers to visually perceived images that are confusing and ambiguous in transmitting information.
The “vase/face” image (Rubin's vase, 1915) and the “old/young woman” illustrates how equally strong backgrounds and foregrounds force the viewer to choose where their attention is focused and bring about an awareness of a gestalt - that all parts of the image are important to the “whole” experience. The yin-yang symbol also expresses the duality/unity principle, one means nothing without the other.
By having the facing profiles and the vase share a common edge the viewer can alternate (mouse over the vase/face to alternate black and white) which “object” is most important. The slightly forward facing old woman's nose and the slightly turned away young woman's chin share the same shape.
PERSPECTIVE: Aerial and linear perspectives are techniques used to create the illusion of three dimensional space or object (height, width and depth) on a two dimensional surface as illustrated in the photograph of railroad tracks.
Intellectually we understand that the tracks were designed to support the train with fixed width distance between the wheels for the entire journey and the road will not get narrower; the graphic clue that part of the track is further away is due to our eyes perceiving distant objects as smaller, shorter, skinnier, and less distinct.
Foreshortening is the method of creating an impression of three-dimensional volume on a two dimensional surface as illustrated by Mantengna famous painting of Christ.
Suggested images for teaching perspective, optical illusion, and integrating cross discipline art instruction with history and science include the School of Athens by Raphael, the Albrecht Dürer apparatus for “seeing” perspective, the mastery of M. C. Escher to manipulate space, the “op art” of Vasarely and Riley, and photographic examples emphasizing perspective lines.
“The one point, linear perspective is an intellectual, rationalistc, and above all purely mechanistic way of dividing space, a development sychronous with Gutenburg's press.” Jose Arguelles, The Transformative Vision.
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Crystal Perspective Posters
Set of six posters illustrate basic perspective concepts -
• one-point,
• two-point,
• three-point,
• multi-point,
• circles and cylinders,
and
• atmospheric perspective.
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Set of twelve prints show examples of classic fool the eye graphics as well as the work of artists such as Rene Magritte, Salvador Dali, and Bridget Riley.
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Giotto di Bondone
b. c. 1267; Italy
d. 1-8-1337
Giotto di Bondone, known simply as Giotto, was both an architect and painter. Born near Florence in the late Middle Ages, he was, according to Vasari, the first to make “a decisive break with . . . the Byzantine style, and brought to life the great art of painting ... drawing accurately from life.” The frescos at Arezzo depict the life of St. Francis; in the pictured fresco Giotto's figures are grounded in a medieval cityscape depicted with what is referred to as pseudoperspective.
• Giotto (Getting to Know the World's Greatest Artists)
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Filippo Brunelleschi
b. c. 1377; Italy
d. 4-15-1446
Filippo Brunelleschi, an Italian Renaissance architect and sculptor, is credited with the first known paintings using geometric optical linear perspective. The paintings, now lost, were of the Florentine Bapistery and the Palazzo Vecchio. They were designed to be viewed as a reflection with the aid of a mirror through a hole located at the vanishing point from the backside, in order to demonstrate the Euclidian laws of geometric optics.
• Brunelleschi: Studies of His Technology and Inventions
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Sebastiano Serlio
b. 9-6-1475; Italy
d. c. 1554
Sebastiano Serlio was a Mannerist style architect and stage set designer who published several books of woodcut designs for stage setting, Scenographies, in Paris (1545), as a part of his treatise devoted to perspective.
• Perspective Rendering for the Theatre
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Raphael
b. 4-6-1483; Italy
d. 4-6-1520
Italian Renaissance artist Raphael created the illusion of depth in a grand interior architectural space in the fresco “School of Athens”. Raphael constructed mathematical linear one point perspective, and used size, light, shadow, and overlapping figures in his imaginary portraits of the greatest ancient philosophers (Plato and Aristotle are in the foreground center) in the rational pursuit of truth.
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Giuseppe Arcimboldo
b. 1527; Milan;
d. 7-11-1593; Milan
Giuseppe Arcimboldo painted extraordinary portraits composed of representations of fruits, vegetables, fish, flowers, and books. His series of the Four Seasons was commissioned by Emperor Maximillian II, 1573. Arcimboldo is a precursor to Surrealists like Dali.
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Giacomo Barozzi da Vignola
b. 10-1-1507; Italy
d. 7-7-1573; Rome
Giacomo Barozzi da Vignola, or simply Vignola, was a Mannerist style architect.
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Giovanni Antonio Canal
b. 10-28-1697; Venice
d. 4-19-1768
Giovanni Antonio Canal, known as Canaletto, was the 18th century’s most famous view-painter. He was aided by the camera obscura, an early version of modern cameras.
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William Hogarth
b. 11-10-1697; London
d. 10-26-1764
Hograth's engraving Satire on False Perspective (1754) is captioned “Whoever makes a DESIGN without the Knowledge of PERSPECTIVE will be liable to such Absurdities as are shewn in this Frontipiece.” For instance - in the upper right corner, the woman leaning out the window with a candle is lighting the pipe of the man on the distant hill.
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Vincent van Gogh, not known for his use of linear perspective, has employed the technique in an attempt to establish an orderly world.
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Salvador Dali
b. 5-11-1904; Spain
d. 1-23-1989; Spain
Dali used perspective to create the illusion of a rational landscape, and then “melted” familiar objects so they appeared as lifeless skins.
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The Dutch artist M. C. Escher gives viewers a reality check by manipulating linear perspective and expected proportions to create a visual paradox of water seemingly flowing upward in order to fall onto the waterwheel.
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Are you seeing the blocks from the bottom or from the top? The pattern is also known as ‘Tumbling Blocks’ and ‘Baby Blocks’ to quilters.
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Victor Vasarely
b. 4-9-1906; Hungary
d. 3-15-1997; Paris
Victor Vasarely is considered the “father of Op-art”, using geometric forms to create illusionistic space.
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Vanity might be described as an addiction to an inflated sense of importance one's own self. Here a woman is sitting before a large circular mirror, reflecting on her appearance.
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The Power of Perspective
“It suddenly struck me that that tiny pea, pretty and blue, was the Earth. I put up my thumb and shut one eye, and my thumb blotted out the planet Earth. I didn't feel like a giant, I felt wery, very small.”
Neil Armstrong
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